ARCHIVED - Draft Administrative Monetary Penalty Guidelines

Draft Administrative Monetary Penalty Guidelines [PDF 267 KB]

Table of Contents

List of Tables

1.0 Background

1.1 Background

In February 2016, amended legislation and new subordinate legislation will come into effect to allow for the issuance of administrative monetary penalties.

The legislation that will be amended is as follows (collectively referred to hereafter as the “Acts”): :^Footnote 1

• Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act (COGOA)
• Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Act (C-NLAAIA)
• Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Newfoundland and Labrador Act
• Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act (CNSOPRAIA)
• Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation (Nova Scotia) Act

(the latter four Acts are collectively referred to as the “Accord Acts” - references herein are to these statutes as amended)

The new subordinate legislation is as follows (collectively referred to hereafter as the “Regulations”):

• Canada Oil and Gas Operations Administrative Monetary Penalty Regulations
• Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Administrative Monetary Penalty Regulations (Federal)
• Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Administrative Monetary Penalty Regulations (Provincial)
• Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Administrative Monetary Penalty Regulations (Federal)
• Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Administrative Monetary Penalty Regulations (Provincial)

The Acts and Regulations can be found on the websites of each respective Board:

Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (C-NLOPB)
www.cnlopb.ca/

Canada Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board (CNSOPB)
www.cnsopb.ns.ca/

National Energy Board (NEB)
www.neb-one.gc.ca

The amendments strengthened safety and environmental protection in Canada’s offshore oil and gas sector, by modernizing the liability and compensation regimes and updating incident preparedness and response requirements. The amendments also provide the Boards with the authority to issue administrative monetary penalties (AMPs) to Operators in the offshore and Northern onshore for enforcement purposes.

AMPs are penalties that can be imposed by a Board on an individual or a company for incidences of non-compliance with legislation, regulations, permits, licences, certificate conditions, Board officer orders, or Board decisions or orders. AMPs are intended to be a compliance-obtaining measure (administrative), as opposed to a punitive measure (criminal).

1.2 Purpose of the Guidelines

The NEB as well as the C-NLOPB and the CNSOPB have prepared this Administrative Monetary Penalty Guideline (Guideline) to provide additional information regarding the key elements of the AMP regime established under COGOA, the Accord Acts and their respective Regulations.

In the event of a discrepancy between this Guideline and the legislation, the definitions in the Acts and Regulations will prevail.

1.3 Definitions

“Applicant” - the person seeking an Authorization

“Operator” - the holder of the Authorization and operating licence

1.4 Applicability

The Guidelines apply to all Applicants and Operators in the geographic areas set out in the Acts, as applicable. All areas regulated under the Acts are collectively referred to hereafter as the “Regulated Areas”.

2.0 Enforcement Policy and AMPs

The Boards hold Operators accountable for safety, environmental protection and resource management outcomes using a rigorous compliance monitoring program and by enforcing legislative requirements.

Enforcement actions are the mechanisms used by the Boards to bring Operators back into compliance with their respective Acts and Regulations, to deter future non-compliance and/or to prevent harm.

The Boards’ objectives for enforcement actions are to achieve compliance as quickly and as effectively as possible.^{Footnote 2,Footnote 3,Footnote 4} Achieving compliance eliminates or reduces hazards and protects the safety of workers and the public, the environment and property.

The Boards will carry out enforcement actions in a manner that is fair, predictable and consistent. AMPs are an addition to the Boards’ existing enforcement toolkit. In accordance with their respective enforcement policies, the Boards will continue to apply the most appropriate enforcement tool required to achieve compliance and deter future non-compliance. Diagram 1 presents an approach to using enforcement tools with an emphasis of escalation of enforcement from facilitated to directed compliance actions. As illustrated below, the AMP could be used in conjunction with any other enforcement tool, apart from prosecution, as appropriate.

Diagram 1: Enforcement tools

More information about the Board's respective compliance and enforcement tools can be found at the websites referenced above.

The Boards may apply one or more of the following criteria to guide the use of AMPs:

• when compliance is not obtained using either facilitated or directed enforcement tools,
• when harm is caused because of the non-compliance,
• when harm would likely occur because of the non-compliance, or
• any other situation where an AMP is the best way to obtain compliance or deter future non-compliance.

3.0 Regulations

The application of AMPs will focus on regulatory requirements related to safety, protection of the environment and resource management. Provisions of the Acts, and subordinate legislation listed in Schedule 1 of the Regulations, were specifically designated as violations subject to a penalty if contravened because they pertain to safety, environmental protection or resource management. They do not include provisions respecting occupational health and safety.

Contravention of an order or decision made under the Acts, as well as failure to comply with a term or condition of a certificate, licence, authorisation, permit, leave or exemption granted under the Acts, are also designated violations subject to an AMP.

4.0 The AMP Process

The AMP process is built on the following principles:

1. The process will be administered in a timely manner.
2. The process will be transparent.
3. AMPs will be applied in a fair, impartial, and consistent manner, depending on the circumstances of each case.

The AMP process is described in the following 4 sections below. Diagram 2 represents a high level overview of the AMP process. For each step in the process it indicates responsibilities and outputs.

Diagram 2: Summary of AMP Process

4.1 Notice of Violation

Issuing Notices of Violation and Service of Documents

The Boards may designate persons or classes of persons who are authorized to issue notices of violation (hereafter referred to as “Issuer”).^Footnote 5 AMPs will be issued in the form of Notices of Violation (NOVs) from the respective Boards’ head office. Issuing NOVs from head office will ensure consistency in the respective Board’s use of AMPs and adherence to the policies listed in section 2 of this Guideline.

Once the Issuer decides to issue an NOV, it will be served on the alleged violator. The Regulations require that notices of violation and any other documents be served in person, through registered mail, courier, fax or other electronic means. Section 5 of the Regulations provides additional details on service of documents.

When a company or individual commits a violation and receives an NOV, the NOV will include the following information:^Footnote 6

• the name of the person believed to have committed the violation,
• the relevant facts surrounding the violation,
• the amount of the penalty, including identification of the mitigating and aggravating factors that were applied,
• how to pay the penalty (Payment form), and
• how to request a review (Request for Review form).

Calculating the Penalty

The calculation of the penalty starts with determination of a baseline penalty that can be increased or decreased using a number of criteria that are listed in the AMP Regulations. Section 4 of the Regulations lists nine adjustment factors that may be applied if the situation warrants, and each factor has different gravity values. The sum of all gravity values determines how much the penalty can be increased or decreased from the baseline. Schedule 2 in the Regulations shows the potential gravity levels and the corresponding penalty amounts. Note that the baseline penalty starts with a gravity level of zero, so if no adjustment factors are applicable, the final gravity level would continue to be zero and the final penalty amount would correspond to that gravity level.

The adjustment factors are designed to promote certain behaviours such as prompt voluntary reporting, undertaking mitigation activities quickly, and taking steps to prevent recurrence of a violation. The factors are also intended to deter behaviours such as negligence, repeat violations, and financial gain from a violation. The complete list of adjustment factors can be found in column 1 of the table in Section 4 of the Regulations.

The violations designated in the Regulations are classified into two categories, Type A and Type B. Type A are violations of administrative and record-keeping requirements representing a lower risk to safety or the environment. Type B includes all other violations (the vast majority), such as failing to follow an order issued by Board officers or violating safety or environmental requirements. A list of violations can be found in Schedule 1 of the Regulations.

A penalty cannot be increased beyond the maximum daily penalties set out in the Acts of $25,000 for individuals and $100,000 for any other person (e.g. companies).^Footnote 7

Each day that a violation is committed or continues is considered a separate violation for which a separate penalty can be issued. Therefore, one non-compliance or incident could result in more than one violation. Information contained in the NOV will indicate if the violation is one or multi-day violation subject to daily penalties.

The following two examples illustrate how penalties would be calculated using Schedule 2 of the Regulations. Table 1 summarizes the examples below and Table 2 shows the mitigating and aggravating factors from the Regulations used in the calculations.

1. For an individual who committed a Type A violation, the base amount of the penalty (i.e. gravity value of zero) is $1,365 (Schedule 2 of the Regulations). The individual has provided assistance with regard to the violation to the respective Board. Therefore a gravity value of -2 was applied to this criterion. However, the individual did not promptly report the violation to the respective Board (item 6) so a gravity level of +1 was also applied. The total sum of gravity values is -1. The daily penalty, according to Schedule 2 of the Regulations, is therefore $990.
2. For any other person (i.e., a company) who committed a Type B violation the base amount of the penalty (i.e. gravity value of zero) is $40,000 (Schedule 2 of the Regulations). The company was found to have committed a previous violation so a gravity value of +1 was applied to this criterion. The violation was also found to have resulted in an increased risk of harm to the environment so a gravity value of +2 was applied. The total sum of gravity levels is +3, which sets the daily penalty amount for the violation at $76,000.

Table 1: Summary of Above Examples of Possible Penalty Calculations

Table 2: Mitigating and Aggravating factors from Section 4 of the Regulations^Footnote 8

4.2 The Review Process

If a company or individual does not agree with the NOV they have received, they have 30 days after the day of service to request a review of the amount of the penalty, the facts of the violation or both. A company or individual who requests a review is referred to as the Requester. A respective Board shall conduct the review or designate a person to conduct the review (hereafter referred to as “Reviewer”).

The review process will be conducted in writing. The Reviewer is not involved in the NOV issuance process, which is conducted by the Issuer. To request a review, the Requester must fill out the “Request for Review” form which will be included with all NOVs. A document sent by registered mail or courier is considered to be served on the tenth day after the date indicated in the receipt issued by the postal service (s. 5(2)(b) of the Regulations).

The form requires the Requester to indicate whether the request is for a review of the amount of the penalty, the facts of the violation, or both. Depending on the basis of review, the Requester will also be required to provide an explanation as to why they believe the amount of the violation was not determined in accordance with the regulations or why they did not commit the violation.

Within 21 days of receipt of the request, the Reviewer will provide the Requester and Issuer with a process letter setting out the dates and steps of the review process. As well, within 30 days of receipt of the request, the Issuer will provide the Requester with the evidence used to support the NOV. The Requester will then have 30 days to provide the Reviewer and the Issuer with submissions, including any evidence, to support the request that the Reviewer change the amount of the penalty or determine that the Requester did not commit the violation. The Issuer has 30 days to provide a written response to the submission. The Requester will then have 30 days from that submission to reply in writing. The Reviewer may vary these time limits on its own motion or in response to a request as it considers appropriate.

At any time before the Reviewer issues a decision on the review, a request to withdraw the review can be made. The Reviewer will review all the submissions and make a decision on the request to review. The Requester will be sent the Reviewer’s decision, and its reasons for decision. The Reviewer’s decision will be posted to the respective Board’s external website.

The following Table highlights key steps in the review process.

Table 3: Key Steps in the Review Process

For more information on reviews, please refer to the Acts.^Footnote 9

4.3 Recovery of Penalties

The NOV will include instructions on how to pay the penalty. If, on a review, the Reviewer determines that the Requester committed the violation, the Requester will be served with a notice of payment along with the Reviewer’s decision.

Payments may be made by cheque, money order, bank draft, or by electronic funds transfer. As applicable, payments must be made payable to Receiver General for Canada for the NEB, the Newfoundland Exchequer for the C-NLOPB, the Nova Scotia Minister of Finance for the CNSOPB. Additional details on these payment options will be provided in the NOV or issued by the respective Board.

A person served with an NOV has 30 days from the receipt of an NOV to pay the penalty. If a review is requested, payment is required within 30 days from the receipt of the Notice of Payment served along with the Reviewer’s decision. An unpaid AMP amount is a debt due to the Crown and may be recovered by collection procedures.

4.4 AMPs Published on Board’s website

In the interest of greater public transparency around the issuance of AMPs, a respective Board may post information relating to an NOV as soon as it has been served.^Footnote 10 This information may include the name of the company who committed the violation, the issue date, the region and facility, the nature of the violation, and the amount of the penalty. The decision to disclose the name of an individual will be made on a case-by-case basis.

In addition, the Boards will post the complete NOV on their respective websites after the 30-day review period has expired or after the review process has been completed.

The NOV includes the following information:

• the name of the Operator (or individual, at the discretion of the respective Board) that committed the violation,
• the relevant facts surrounding the violation, and
• the amount of the penalty, including identification of the mitigating and aggravating factors that were applied to arrive at the amount.

5.0 Contact Information

Questions relating to the information contained in this Guideline can be submitted by e-mail, fax or mail to the respective Board addresses listed below.

National Energy Board

Address: National Energy Board
517 Tenth Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta
T2R 0A8
Attention: AMP Officer
Fax: 403-292-5503
Toll free fax: 1-877-288-8803
E-mail: ampsap@cer-rec.gc.ca

Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board

Address: 1791 Barrington Street
8^th Floor TD Center
Halifax, Nova Scotia
B3J 3K9
Attention: AMP Administration
Fax: 902-422-1799 
E-mail: AMPadmin@cnsopb.ns.ca

Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board

Address: 140 Water Street
5^th FFloor, TD Place
St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
A1C 6H6
Attention: Legal Counsel
Fax: 709-778-1473
E-mail: cmitchell@cnlopb.ca

Date modified:

2023-11-27